SPINK9 peptide

SPINK9 peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

H-TKQMVDCSHYKKLPPGQQRFCHHMY-OH

H-Thr-Lys-Gln-Met-Val-Asp-Cys-Ser-His-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Leu-Pro-Pro-Gly-Gln-Gln-Arg-Phe-Cys-His-His-Met-Tyr-OH

25

95.2%

C₁₃₄H₂₀₄N₄₀O₃₅S₄

3063.55

Synthetic

Powder

Antimicrobial peptides play a critical role in the barrier function of human skin. They offer a fast response to invading microorganisms and protect from external microbial infection. Here we show the isolation of the kallikrein-related peptidase inhibitor SPINK9 as a major antibacterial factor from healthy stratum corneum. In total, six N-terminal SPINK9 variants were identified in the stratum corneum. Whereas all variants exhibited similar inhibition activities against kallikrein-related peptidase, only three variants with either lysine or glutamine as their first N-terminal residues were able to kill various Escherichia coli strains, but not other bacteria or fungi. The killing activity also depended on the sequence essential for kallikrein-related peptidase inhibition. Ultrastructural electron microscopy analyses suggested that SPINK9 entered the cell and killed growing bacteria. A bacterial chaperone, SKP, was identified as the major SPINK9 interacting partner in E. coli cells. The Skpdeleted mutant was more sensitive to SPINK9 than the wild-type control, suggesting that the bactericidal activity of SPINK9 should first overcome the resistance from the bacterial chaperone SKP. Thus, SPINK9 is a member of epidermal antimicrobial peptides for selective killing of E. coli, which might contribute to the innate barrier function of human skin.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual: Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Wu Z, Wu Y, Fischer J, Bartels J, Schru00f6der JM, Meyer-Hoffert U. Skin-Derived SPINK9 Kills Escherichia coli. J Invest Dermatol. 2019;139(5):1135-1142

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.