• Frenatin 2.3S peptide

Frenatin 2.3S peptide

Not For Human Use, Lab Use Only.

Cat.#: 318787

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Optional Service: TFA RemovalWhat's this?

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Product Information

  • Product Name
    Frenatin 2.3S peptide
  • Documents
  • Sequence Shortening
    H-GLVGTLLGHIGKAILGG-OH
  • Sequence
    H-Gly-Leu-Val-Gly-Thr-Leu-Leu-Gly-His-Ile-Gly-Lys-Ala-Ile-Leu-Gly-Gly-OH
  • Length (aa)
    17
  • Peptide Purity (HPLC)
    95.2%
  • Molecular Formula
    C72H126N20O19
  • Molecular Weight
    1575.89
  • Source
    Synthetic
  • Form
    Powder
  • Description
    Frenatin 2.3S (F2.3S) is able to internalize within bacterial cells and can bind nucleic acids. F2.3S shows a high depolarization and membrane destabilization activities. F2.3S has the capacity to protect cells from yellow fever virus infection, a property that might be related to the immunomodulatory properties reported for the peptides of frenatin family. The ED50 for the F2.3S peptide against E. coli (0.23 ± 0.01) was five-fold lower than the required for S. aureus. F2.3S was not toxic to primary human monocytes even at a 100-fold higher concentration than their calculated antimicrobial ED50. F2.3S displayed depolarization and bacterial cell leakage at lower peptide concentrations than the effective dose for E. coli antibacterial activity. F2.3S did not have the capacity to produce agglutination in E. coli even at the maximum concentration tested (5 μM).
  • Storage Guidelines
    Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual:Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
  • References
    • Muu00f1oz-Camargo C, Salazar VA, Barrero-Guevara L, et al. Unveiling the Multifaceted Mechanisms of Antibacterial Activity of Buforin II and Frenatin 2.3S Peptides from Skin Micro-Organs of the Orinoco Lime Treefrog (Sphaenorhynchus lacteus). Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(8)
  • About TFA salt

    Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

    TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

    TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

    In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Peptide Property

  • Analysed Sequence:H-GLVGTLLGHIGKAILGG-OH
  • Chemical Formula:C72H126N20O19
  • Sequence length:17
  • Extinction coefficient:0 M-1cm-1
  • GRAVY:1.18
  • Mw average:1575.89
  • Theoretical pI:10.09
  • Data Source:Peptide Property Calculator

GRAVY = grand average of hydropathy

X: Hydrophobic uncharged residues, like F I L M V W A and P

X: Basic residues, like R K H

X: Acidic residues, like D E

X: Polar uncharged residues, like G S T C N Q and Y

Peptide Services: NovoPro's peptide synthesis services include standard chemical peptide synthesis, peptide modification, peptide libraries, and recombinant peptide expression.

Standard Peptide Synthesis: NovoPro offers quality peptides at the most competitive prices in the industry, starting at $3.20 per amino acid. NovoPro provides PepBox – Automatic Quote Tool for online price calculation.

Peptide Modifications: NovoPro offers a wide range of peptide modification services including isotope labeling (2H, 15N, and 13C), multiple disulfide bonds, multiple phosphorylations, KLH, BSA, ovalbumin, amidation, acetylation, biotin, FITC, etc.

Please note: All products are "FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND ARE NOT INTENDED FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE"