Endomorphin peptide

• COA/MS/HPLC Report
• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

EMs exhibit the highest affinity to the MOR and extraordinarily high selectivity relative to the δ and κ opioid receptor systems of all known opioid substances.[2][3]

• 1.Champion HC, Zadina JE, Kastin AJ, Hackler L, Ge LJ, Kadowitz PJ. Endomorphin 1 and 2, endogenous ligands for the mu-opioid receptor, decrease cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance in the rat. Peptides. 1997;18(9):1393-7.
• 2. Chu XP, Xu NS, Li P, Wang JQ. Endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2, endogenous ligands for the mu-opioid receptor, inhibit electrical activity of rat rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons in vitro. Neuroscience. 1999;93(2):681-6.
• 3. Yu Y, Shao X, Wang CL, Liu HM, Cui Y, Fan YZ, Liu J, Wang R In vitro and in vivo characterization of opioid activities of endomorphins analogs with novel constrained C-terminus: evidence for the important role of proper spatial disposition of the third aromatic ring Peptides 2007 Apr;28(4):859-70

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.