AtPep3 peptide

AtPep3 peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

H-EIKARGKNKTKPTPSSGKGGKHN-OH

H-Glu-Ile-Lys-Ala-Arg-Gly-Lys-Asn-Lys-Thr-Lys-Pro-Thr-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Lys-Gly-Gly-Lys-His-Asn-OH

23

95.43%

C₁₀₂H₁₇₈N₃₆O₃₂

2420.71

Synthetic

Powder

AtPep3 is a hormone-like peptide that plays a role in the salinity stress tolerance of plants. It is encoded by the AtPROPEP3 gene, which is highly up-regulated in response to salinity stress . Synthetic peptides encoded by AtPROPEP3, including a C-terminal peptide fragment called AtPep3, have been shown to inhibit salt-induced bleaching of chlorophyll in seedlings, indicating their role in salinity stress tolerance. AtPep3 is recognized by the PEPR1 receptor and functions to increase salinity stress tolerance in plants. It is a member of the Pep family and acts as an elicitor peptide for immune response in plants . AtPROPEP1-7 genes, including AtPep3, are up-regulated in response to infections from pathogens or bacteria, and their binding with membrane-receptor kinase genes (PEPR1 and -2) is important for the immune response in Arabidopsis

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual: Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Nakaminami K, Okamoto M, Higuchi-Takeuchi M, Yoshizumi T, Yamaguchi Y, Fukao Y, Shimizu M, Ohashi C, Tanaka M, Matsui M, Shinozaki K, Seki M, Hanada K. AtPep3 is a hormone-like peptide that plays a role in the salinity stress tolerance of plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 May 29;115(22):5810-5815. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1719491115. Epub 2018 May 14. PMID: 29760074; PMCID: PMC5984501.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.