Apelin-36 (human) peptide (TFA removed)

Apelin-36 (human) peptide (TFA removed)

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

LVQPRGSRNGPGPWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF

H-Leu-Val-Gln-Pro-Arg-Gly-Ser-Arg-Asn-Gly-Pro-Gly-Pro-Trp-Gln-Gly-Gly-Arg-Arg-Lys-Phe-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe-OH

36

98.1%

C₁₈₄H₂₉₇N₆₉O₄₃S

4195.89

252642-12-9

Synthetic

Powder

The orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ has been shown to be a coreceptor for human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV and SIV) strains. As long as apelin is an endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor, inhibitory effects of apelin peptides on HIV infection have been examined and it has been found that the apelin peptides inhibit the entry of some HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains into NP-2/CD4 cells expressing APJ. For apelin-36 the strongest inhibitory efficiency has been reported.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual: Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Palmer ES, Irwin N, O'Harte FP. Potential Therapeutic Role for Apelin and Related Peptides in Diabetes: An Update. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2022 Feb 11;15:11795514221074679. doi: 10.1177/11795514221074679. PMID: 35177945; PMCID: PMC8844737.
• K.Tatemoto et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 251, 471 (1998)
• M.Hosoya et al., J. Biol. Chem., 275, 21061 (2000)
• M.X.Zou et al., FEBS Lett., 473, 15 (2000)
• M.J.Kleinz and A.P.Davenport (2005)
• , Regul. Pept., 118, 119 (2004)

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.