Andersonin-W1 peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

Andersonin-W1 (AW1) is a bioactive peptide originally identified from the amphibian Oreochromis andersonii. Its mature form is a short peptide composed of 17 amino acid residues with the sequence ATNIPFKVHFRCKAAFC. In vitro studies demonstrate that AW1, at nanomolar concentrations, can promote the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes, enhance macrophage proliferation, and stimulate tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), indicating activities related to cellular processes involved in tissue repair.

Mechanistically, AW1 directly interacts with the extracellular domain of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on macrophages. This binding event modulates the downstream nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. This interaction allows AW1 to regulate macrophage polarization and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, thereby influencing the inflammatory phase of tissue response. The peptide's ability to engage with the TLR4/NF-κB axis highlights its role as a molecular probe for studying immunomodulatory pathways.

• Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y. Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs. J Proteome Res. 2012;11(1):306-19.
• Li C, Xiong Y, Fu Z, Ji Y, Yan J, Kong Y, Peng Y, Ru Z, Huang Y, Li Y, Yang Y, He L, Tang J, Wang Y, Yang X. The direct binding of bioactive peptide Andersonin-W1 to TLR4 expedites the healing of diabetic skin wounds. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2024 Feb 5;29(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s11658-024-00542-4. Erratum in: Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2026 Feb 18;31(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s11658-026-00878-z. PMID: 38317065; PMCID: PMC10845795.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a common counterion from the purification process using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The presence of TFA can affect the peptide's net weight, appearance, and solubility.

Impact on Net Weight: The TFA salt contributes to the total mass of the product. In most cases, the peptide content constitutes >80% of the total weight, with TFA accounting for the remainder.

Solubility: TFA salts generally enhance the solubility of peptides in aqueous solutions.

In Biological Assays: For most standard in vitro assays, the residual TFA levels do not cause interference. However, for highly sensitive cellular or biochemical studies, please be aware of its presence.