Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 (TFA removed)

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 (TFA removed)

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

Ac-KGHK-NH2

Ac-Lys-Gly-His-Lys-NH2

4

97.94%

C₂₂H₃₉N₉O₅

509.6

Synthetic

Powder

Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 is a biomimetic peptide derived from a growth factor, also known by the trading name Folixyl®. It has a sequence Ac-Lys-Gly-His-Lys-NH2 (KGHK) specially designed to fight the symptoms of hair loss and stimulate hair growth. With its ability to stimulate the synthesis of follicle extracellular matrix proteins (Collagen I and III, laminin), Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 helps the renewal of dermal papilla cells and opposes the stiffening of the sheath of the hair follicle that causes hair loss. Tests on human hair follicles showed that Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 stimulates hair growth. Compared with Minoxidil, a reference in hair growth treatment, Folixyl® was superior in regards to the percentage of hair growth after 7 days of treatment.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual: Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Lueangarun S, Panchaprateep R. An Herbal Extract Combination (Biochanin A, Acetyl tetrapeptide-3, and Ginseng Extracts) versus 3% Minoxidil Solution for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: A 24-week, Prospective, Randomized, Triple-blind, Controlled Trial. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2020 Oct;13(10):32-37. Epub 2020 Oct 1.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.