YD peptide

YD peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

H-APKGVQGPNG-OH

H-Ala-Pro-Lys-Gly-Val-Gln-Gly-Pro-Asn-Gly-OH

10

95.26%

C₃₉H₆₅N₁₃O₁₃

924.01

Synthetic

Powder

The antimicrobial peptide APKGVQGPNG (named YD), a natural peptide originating from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CBSYD1, exhibited excellent antibacterial and antioxidant properties in vitro. YD improved liver function and inhibited the progression of liver fibrosis by measuring the serum transaminase activity and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I in carbon tetrachloride-induced mice. YD inhibited the level of miR-155, which plays an important role in inflammation and liver fibrosis. YD significantly decreases the contents of inflammatory cytokines and suppresses the NF-κB signaling pathway. YD reduces inflammation through the miR-155–Casp12–NF-κB axis during liver fibrosis and provides a promising therapeutic candidate for hepatic fibrosis.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual: Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Yan Z, Wang D, An C, Xu H, Zhao Q, Shi Y, Song N, Deng B, Guo X, Rao J, Cheng L, Zhang B, Mou L, Yang W, Jiang X, Xie J. The antimicrobial peptide YD attenuates inflammation via miR-155 targeting CASP12 during liver fibrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021 Jan;11(1):100-111.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.