TIP 39 peptide

TIP 39 peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

H-SLALADDAAFRERARLLAALERRHWLNSYMHKLLVLDAP-OH

H-Ser-Leu-Ala-Leu-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Ala-Phe-Arg-Glu-Arg-Ala-Arg-Leu-Leu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Glu-Arg-Arg-His-Trp-Leu-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Met-His-Lys-Leu-Leu-Val-Leu-Asp-Ala-Pro-OH

39

95.92%

C₂₀₂H₃₂₅N₆₁O₅₄S

4504.16

Synthetic

Powder

TIP 39, or Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues, is a peptide that was first identified from bovine hypothalamus, which in humans is encoded by the PTH2 gene. TIP39 is related to parathyroid hormone and PTH-related protein and is a potent and selective agonist at parathyroid hormone 2 (PTH2) receptors. PTH2 receptors are highly expressed in the nervous system, and have roles in the modulation of pituitary function and in nociception.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual: Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Usdin et al (1999) TIP39: a new neuropeptide and PTH2-receptor agonist from hypothalamus. Nat. Neurosci 2 941 PMID: 10526330
• Della Penna et al (2003) Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39): molecular structure and activity for parathyroid hormone 2 receptor, Neuropharmacology 44(1) 141 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3908(02)00335-0
• Weaver et al (2017) High affinity binding of the peptide agonist TIP-39 to the parathyroid hormone 2 (PTH2) receptor requires the hydroxyl group of Tyr-318 on transmembrane helix 5, Biochemical Pharmacology 127 71 PMID: 28012961

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.