Tat (48-60) peptide

Tat (48-60) peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

H-GRKKRRQRRRPPQ-OH

H-Gly-Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gln-OH

13

95.65%

C₇₀H₁₃₁N₃₅O₁₆

1719.01

Synthetic

Powder

Tat (48 - 60), also known as HIV-1 Tat (48 - 60), is a cell penetrating cationic peptide derived from the N-terminus of the Tat protein, which is a transactivator of the transcription protein present in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Tat (48-60) is an arginine-rich basic peptide which has three domains that function to aid HIV through transactivation, DNA binding and nuclear transport. Tat (48-60) posseses antibacterial activity but is mainly used for the non disruptive transport of exogenous macromolecules into cells.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual: Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Futaki (2005) Membrane-permeable arginine-rich peptides and the translocation mechanisms. Adv. Drug Deliv Rev. 57(4) 547 PMID: 15722163
• Dennison et al (2007) Interactions of cell penetrating peptide Tat with model membranes: A biophysical study. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 363(1) 178 PMID: 17854767
• Zhu and Shin (2009) Effects of dimerization of the cell-penetrating peptide Tat analog on antimicrobial activity and mechanism of bactericidal action. J. Pept. Sci. 2009 15(5) 345 PMID: 19206074

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.