SynB3 peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

• SynB3 peptide is a remarkable compound with diverse applications in the field of drug delivery and treatment of gliomas. It is a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) derived from the antimicrobial peptide protegrin-1. SynB3 has the ability to cross the cellular membranes of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with high efficiency, making it a promising tool for enhancing drug delivery to the brain.
• This peptide can be conjugated with various drugs, such as paclitaxel (PTX) and endomorphin-1, to improve their therapeutic efficacy. The conjugation of SynB3 with PTX, for example, forms a novel dual-functional nanocomplex drug delivery system that can enhance the water solubility of PTX and specifically release it in the presence of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which is overexpressed in glioma tissues. SynB3 has also been conjugated with endomorphin-1 via different linkages, and the conjugate with a disulfide bond showed the most efficient delivery across the BBB and significant analgesic activity. Overall, SynB3 peptide offers great potential for the development of more effective treatments for gliomas and other brain disorders.

• Liu H, Zhang W, Ma L, Fan L, Gao F, Ni J, Wang R. The improved blood-brain barrier permeability of endomorphin-1 using the cell-penetrating peptide synB3 with three different linkages. Int J Pharm. 2014 Dec 10;476(1-2):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.045. Epub 2014 Sep 22. PMID: 25245547.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.