GIP_HUMAN[22–51] peptide

GIP_HUMAN[22–51] peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

H-EKKEGHFSALPSLPVGSHAKVSSPQPRGPR-OH

H-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Gly-His-Phe-Ser-Ala-Leu-Pro-Ser-Leu-Pro-Val-Gly-Ser-His-Ala-Lys-Val-Ser-Ser-Pro-Gln-Pro-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-OH

30

95.15%

C₁₄₀H₂₂₆N₄₄O₄₁

3181.55

Synthetic

Powder

GIP_HUMAN[22–51] is a potent proatherosclerotic peptide hormone which has a common precursor with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Chronic infusion of GIP_HUMAN[22–51] into ApoE−/− mice accelerates the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions and it also increases the serum concentrations of many inflammatory and proatherogenic proteins, and induces IκB-α degradation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in human vascular endothelial cells and macrophages.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual: Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Masaki et al (2021) GIP_HUMAN[22-51] is a new proatherogenic peptide identified by native plasma peptidomics. Sci Rep 11 14470 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93862-w

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.