GIP (human) peptide

GIP (human) peptide

• COA/MS/HPLC Report
• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

H-YAEGTFISDYSIAMDKIHQQDFVNWLLAQKGKKNDWKHNITQ-OH

H-Tyr-Ala-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Ile-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Ala-Met-Asp-Lys-Ile-His-Gln-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Asn-Trp-Leu-Leu-Ala-Gln-Lys-Gly-Lys-Lys-Asn-Asp-Trp-Lys-His-Asn-Ile-Thr-Gln-OH

42

95.54%

C₂₂₆H₃₃₈N₆₀O₆₆S

4983.5

Synthetic

Powder

GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide) is derived from a 153-amino acid proprotein encoded by the GIP gene and circulates as a biologically active 42-amino acid peptide. GIP is released by the K cells of the duodenum and jejunum in response to food intake and while it is weak inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, its main role is to stimulate insulin release. Type 2 diabetics are not responsive to GIP and have lower levels of GIP secretion after a meal when compared to non-diabetics. In mice, absence of GIP receptors correlates with resistance to obesity.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual:Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Wheeler et al (1995) Functional expression of the rat pancreatic islet glucose-dependent Insotropic polypeptide receptor: ligand binding and intracellular signaling properties. Endocrinol. 136 4629 PMID: 7664683
• Meier et al (2002) Gastric inhibitory polypeptide: the neglected incretin revisited. Regul.Peptides 107 1 PMID: 12137960
• Hansen et al (2016) N‐terminally and C‐terminally truncated forms of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide are high‐affinity competitive antagonists of the human GIP receptor. Br. J. Pharmacol. 173 826 PMID: 26572091

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.