big dynorphin peptide

• COA/MS/HPLC Report
• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

Big dynorphin is an endogenous neuropeptide derived from the pre-prodynorphin precursor. It encompasses the sequences of both dynorphin A and dynorphin B. This peptide is characterized by its high basicity and is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system, including regions such as the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Scientific studies indicate that big dynorphin modulates the activity of Acid-sensing Ion Channel 1a (ASIC1a), a proton-gated cation channel activated by extracellular acidosis.

The primary mechanism of action involves big dynorphin limiting the steady-state desensitization of ASIC1a. Steady-state desensitization is a process where gradual reductions in extracellular pH render the channel non-responsive, even when the acidic threshold for activation is reached. By interacting directly with the extracellular domain of ASIC1a, big dynorphin shifts the pH dependence of steady-state desensitization, requiring more acidic conditions to induce this state. This potentiation of ASIC1a activity is independent of opioid or bradykinin receptor activation. The modulation is subunit-specific, being most effective on homomeric ASIC1a channels, and exhibits a distinct concentration dependence, with effects observed at nanomolar concentrations.

• Kakidani H, Furutani Y, Takahashi H, et al. Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for porcine beta-neo-endorphin/dynorphin precursor. Nature. 1982;298(5871):245-9.
• Sherwood TW, Askwith CC. Dynorphin opioid peptides enhance acid-sensing ion channel 1a activity and acidosis-induced neuronal death. J Neurosci. 2009 Nov 11;29(45):14371-80. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2186-09.2009. PMID: 19906984; PMCID: PMC2802056.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a common counterion from the purification process using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The presence of TFA can affect the peptide's net weight, appearance, and solubility.

Impact on Net Weight: The TFA salt contributes to the total mass of the product. In most cases, the peptide content constitutes >80% of the total weight, with TFA accounting for the remainder.

Solubility: TFA salts generally enhance the solubility of peptides in aqueous solutions.

In Biological Assays: For most standard in vitro assays, the residual TFA levels do not cause interference. However, for highly sensitive cellular or biochemical studies, please be aware of its presence.