D-RR4 peptide

D-RR4 peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

H-WLRRIKAWLRRIKA-NH2(d-amino acids)

H-Trp-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ile-Lys-Ala-Trp-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ile-Lys-Ala-NH2 (d-amino acids)

14

95.04%

C₈₈H₁₄₉N₃₁O₁₄

1865.32

Synthetic

Powder

The peptide D-RR4 (wlrrikawlrrika-NH2; d-amino acids) was developed to be resistant to proteolytic digestion, as confirmed by stability in the presence of both bacterial (proteinase K) and mammalian (trypsin) proteases, and it remained active in the presence of physiologic concentrations of salt, serum proteins, and acidic pH. It also showed reduced toxicity towards macrophages and keratinocytes when compared to the l-enantiomeric form of the peptide. The in vivo antibacterial activity of D-RR4 was demonstrated by increased survival and decreased bacterial burden of Caenorhabditis elegans worms infected with P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii, after treatment with the peptide.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual: Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Mohamed MF, Brezden A, Mohammad H, Chmielewski J, Seleem MN (2017) A short D-enantiomeric antimicrobial peptide with potent immunomodulatory and antibiofilm activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Rep 7:6953. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07440-0

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.