β-Casomorphin (1-3) peptide

• COA/MS/HPLC Report
• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

β-Casomorphins are a group of opioid peptides released during the gastrointestinal digestion or food processing of the β-casein component of milk protein. These peptides, typically 4 to 11 amino acids in length, are encrypted within the protein sequence in an inactive form. The most studied variants include β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) and β-casomorphin-5 (BCM-5), corresponding to specific fragments of the β-casein chain. Their release is influenced by genetic polymorphisms in β-casein, particularly the amino acid at position 67; a histidine residue facilitates the cleavage yielding BCM-7, whereas a proline residue hinders it.

These peptides exhibit opioid activity by binding to μ-opioid receptors, which are located in the nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and certain immune cells. Research indicates β-casomorphins can be absorbed across the intestinal epithelium and have been detected in systemic circulation. Their physiological roles are multifaceted and include modulation of intestinal mucus secretion, influence on certain enzyme activities, and interactions with immune cell functions. The scientific understanding of their full range of biological activities and significance continues to evolve.

• ul Haq, M. R., Kapila, R., Shandilya, U. K., & Kapila, S. (2014). Impact of Milk Derived β-Casomorphins on Physiological Functions and Trends in Research: A Review. International Journal of Food Properties, 17(8), 1726–1741. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2012.712077

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a common counterion from the purification process using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The presence of TFA can affect the peptide's net weight, appearance, and solubility.

Impact on Net Weight: The TFA salt contributes to the total mass of the product. In most cases, the peptide content constitutes >80% of the total weight, with TFA accounting for the remainder.

Solubility: TFA salts generally enhance the solubility of peptides in aqueous solutions.

In Biological Assays: For most standard in vitro assays, the residual TFA levels do not cause interference. However, for highly sensitive cellular or biochemical studies, please be aware of its presence.