D-4F peptide

D-4F peptide

• COA/MS/HPLC Report
• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

Ac-DWFKAFYDKVAEKFKEAF-NH2

Ac-Asp-Trp-Phe-Lys-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Asp-Lys-Val-Ala-Glu-Lys-Phe-Lys-Glu-Ala-Phe-NH2

18

95.48%

C₁₁₄H₁₅₆N₂₄O₂₈

2310.59

Synthetic

Powder

D-4F is a type of apolipoprotein mimetic peptide discussed in the paper. The peptide is synthesized from all D-amino acids and has been shown to improve lipoprotein inflammatory properties and ameliorate atherosclerosis in mouse models. When compared to L-4F, D-4F was found to be equally efficacious in reducing atherosclerosis and inflammation after subcutaneous injection in cholesterol-fed rabbits.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual:Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Navab M, Ruchala P, Waring AJ, Lehrer RI, Hama S, Hough G, Palgunachari MN, Anantharamaiah GM, Fogelman AM. A novel method for oral delivery of apolipoprotein mimetic peptides synthesized from all L-amino acids. J Lipid Res. 2009 Aug;50(8):1538-47. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M800539-JLR200. Epub 2009 Feb 18. PMID: 19225094; PMCID: PMC2724044.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.