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Product Name
µ-conotoxin CnIIIC, conopeptide (TFA removed)
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Documents
Batch to batch variation of the purity
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Sequence Shortening
Pyr-GCCNGPKGCSSKWCRDHARCC-NH2 (disulfide bond Cys3-Cys15, Cys4-Cys21 and Cys10-Cys22)
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Length (aa)
22
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Peptide Purity (HPLC)
95.14%
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Molecular Formula
C92H141N35O28S6
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Molecular Weight
2375.8
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Source
Synthetic
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Form
Powder
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Description
µ-Conotoxins are small, potent, peptide voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel inhibitors characterised by a conserved cysteine framework. NaV channels are key players in the generation and propagation of action potentials, and selective blockade of these channels is a promising strategy for clinically useful suppression of electrical activity. The conotoxin m-CnIIIC from the cone snail Conus consors exhibits myorelaxing activity in rodents through specific blockade of skeletal muscle (NaV1.4) NaV channels.
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Storage Guidelines
Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual: Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
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References
- Markgraf R, Leipold E, Schirmeyer J, Paolini-Bertrand M, Hartley O, Heinemann SH. Mechanism and molecular basis for the sodium channel subtype specificity of µ-conopeptide CnIIIC. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Oct;167(3):576-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02004.x. PMID: 22537004; PMCID: PMC3449262.
- McMahon KL, Tran HNT, Deuis JR, Craik DJ, Vetter I, Schroeder CI. µ-Conotoxins Targeting the Human Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Subtype NaV1.7. Toxins (Basel). 2022 Aug 30;14(9):600. doi: 10.3390/toxins14090600. PMID: 36136538; PMCID: PMC9506549.
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About TFA salt
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.
TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.
TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.
In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.
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Molar Concentration Calculator
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Dilution Calculator
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Percent Concentration Calculator
Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)
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